Determinant of underfive child mortality in ethiopia. Ethiopia, under ve death relatively decreased as followup time increased figure. Ethiopia has made remarkable progress in reducing child mortality over the last two decades. In addition, some regions in ethiopia are characterized by higher rates of. In ethiopia, the most common cause of death for children.
The trend of infant mortality rates has been about 200 per live births in 1960. Causespecific mortality and morbidity 55 mortality agestandardized mortality rates by cause per 100 000 population years of life lost per 100 000 population. Determinants of underfive mortality in high mortality. Understanding the social determinants of underfive mortality is helpful to narrow the gap between different social classes. In ethiopia under five mortality rate is among the highest in the world. Maternal and newborn health disparities in ethiopia. Underfive mortality is one of the indicators of the millennium development goals mdgs for the child mortality reduction goal. The 20062010 percentage decrease in under 5 mortality in ethiopia is significant and among the greatest declines found in this brief search.
Under five causes of death in ethiopia between 1990 and 2016. Infant mortality, child mortality, biodemographic factors, socioeconomic factors. For this study, the cox regression model for fixed and timedependent explanatory variables was studied for underfive mortality in ethiopia. Identification of the risk factors change over time which mismatches with the diminishing rate of underfive mortality is important to address the problems. Child mortality refers to the infant death and underfive children. Ethiopias progress towards reduction in underfive mortality page 6 figure 34. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with pneumonia among underfive children in este town and surrounding rural kebeles, northwest ethiopia.
National strategy for newborn and child survival in ethiopia, 201516 202920 2 executive summary in ethiopia, underfive mortality rate has declined by two thirds from the 1990 figure of 2041,000 live births to 681,000 live births in 2012, thus meeting. Incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of malaria in. The benefits of reducing underfive mortality have been highly emphasized in the ambitious target of sustainable development goals. Pneumonia causes 15% of all deaths in children under age 5 worldwide 2% of which are newborns 2. Highrisk fertility behavior of women covered in the survey is also discussed. Ethiopia met the millennium development goal 4 mdg 4 on child survival in 2012 by reducing underfive mortality by two thirds between 1990 and 2012.
Ethiopia 2016 demographic and health survey key findings. Millennium development goal 4 calls for reducing underfive mortality rate by twothirds between 1990 and 2015. Information on infant and child mortality rates not only enriches. Most importantly, burden of diarrhea is disproportionately high among underfive children. Prevalence of pneumonia and factors associated among. Under five mortality is an essential indicator of the development of a country. Underfive mortality rate per 1,000 live births human. On the other hand, the patterns and causes of child mortality have not been well investigated in ethiopia. Under five causes of death in ethiopia between 1990 and. Infant and child mortality in ethiopia lund university publications.
Though ethiopia has made impressive progress in reducing child mortality in the past two decades, the reduction of underfive mortalities is a major concern for the sustainable development goals. Ethiopia has made significant progress towards reducing underfive mortality. Identifying its prevalence in underfive children and the associated factors is crucial to achieve mdg4 in developing countries. Under 5 mortality rate 2016 value rank countries and areas under 5 mortality rate 2016 value rank countries and areas under 5 mortality rate 2016 value rank highest under five mortality rate ghana 59 34 ethiopia 58 35 united republic of tanzania 57 36 zimbabwe 56 37 malawi 55 38 yemen 55 38 congo 54 40 kiribati 54 40 papua new guinea 54. The global underfive mortality rate declined by 59 per cent, from 93 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 39 in 2018.
Therefore, this study focused on the social determinants of underfive mortality inethiopiausing edhs 2011 data. Under5 mortality rate 2016 value rank countries and areas under5 mortality rate 2016 value rank countries and areas under5 mortality rate 2016 value rank highest underfive mortality rate ghana 59 34 ethiopia 58 35 united republic of tanzania 57 36 zimbabwe 56 37 malawi 55 38 yemen 55 38 congo 54 40 kiribati 54 40 papua new guinea 54. Interventions targeted at empowering women and much effort. The infant and child mortality in ethiopia had shown a continuous decline since 1960 onwards with a more pronounced reduction in the recent decades. Access to adequate health care is among the factors suggested to be associated with child mortality. Socioeconomic and demographic determinants of underfive. Full text proximate determinants of underfive mortality in ethiopia. Underfive mortality rate per 1,000 live births probability of dying between birth and exactly age 5, expressed per 1,000 live births. The risk of a child dying before completing five years of age is still highest in the who african region 76 per live births, around 8 times higher than that in the who european region 9 per live births. Analysis of the levels and trends in infant and underfive. In 2018 alone, roughly 15,000 under five deaths occurred every day, an intolerably high number of largely preventable child deaths. The leading causes of death among children under five in 2017 were preterm birth complications, acute respiratory infections, intrapartumrelated complications, congenital anomalies and diarrhea. Prevalence of diarrhea and associated factors among under.
Survival analysis of underfive mortality using cox and. Health data used is who, world bank and the united nations for population. However, nationwide data is lacking on the survival status and proximate determinants of infant mortality in ethiopia. Since the early 1990s, the rate of reduction of underfive mortality has more than tripled. The 2011 edhs shows a rapid decrease in infant and underfive mortality during the five years prior to the survey compared to the period 59 years prior. Pdf determinants of underfive mortality in ethiopia.
However, there is some evidence that the percentage decrease may be less than the dhs reports and also some evidence that there was a greater percentage decrease between 2000 and 2005. Between 1990 and 2015, the underfive mortality rates have declined by more than half. The prevalence rate of underfive mortality in this study was approximately 67 per live births. It is still higher than the target of underfive mortality rate of. Though the socioeconomic situation of the ethiopian household is improving along with the decrease in under five child mortality. In ethiopia, childhood morbidity and mortality remain high due to the burden associated with highly prevalent diseases such as diarrhea, fever, cough, malaria and hivaids. Dhs, 2005 and underfive mortality rate is more than 200 per live births and continued the reduction.
Though ethiopia has made impressive progress in reducing child mortality in the past two decades, the reduction of underfive mortalities is a major concern for the sustainable. A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases of pubmed and ovid medline, cochrane library, national medical. Therefore, understanding the determinants of underfive mortality is helpful to narrow the gap between different social classes. But in ethiopia, underfive mortality rates have shown a substantial decline. The levels and trends of under five mortality are not well documented in ethiopia since 19 90, but previous studies report.
Nearly one out of 10 babies born in ethiopia does not survive to celebrate its first. But, underfive mortality is still one of the major problems. Childhood morbidities are a major cause of mortality of children in the developing countries particularly in ethiopia. In 1990, the underfive mortality rate was one of the highest in the world.
Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with diarrhea among children younger than 5 years old in bahir dar city, northwest, ethiopia, 2016. This implies that the mdg 4 target of reducing under. Ethiopias neonatal mortality rate nmr is 28 deaths per 1,000 live births. Underfive mortality of children and its determinants in ethiopian. Sixtyseven percent of all deaths to children underfive in ethiopia take place before a childs first birthday. Ethiopia institute for health metrics and evaluation. While progress in child health has been made over the past five years in ethiopia with the underfive mortality rate reducing from 123 to 88 deaths per 1,000 live births, the death rate is intolerably high as one in 11 children did not live beyond their fifth birthday. National strategy for newborn and child survival in ethiopia. In this study, the 2015 global burden of diseases, injuries and risk factors gbd data were used to analyse the incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of malaria in ethiopia over the last 25 years. Pdf comparison of underfive mortality for 2000, 2005. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify the survival status and determinants of infant mortality in ethiopia using ethiopian demographic.
The global under five mortality rate declined by 59 per cent, from 93 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 39 in 2018. Proximate determinants of infant mortality in ethiopia. The 2016 edhs is the fourth demographic and health survey conducted in ethiopia since 2000. Determining socioeconomic and demographic factors of underfive mortality in ethiopia is an important study, necessary for future planning of health care interventions, especially for achieving mdg 4. In 2018 alone, roughly 15,000 underfive deaths occurred every day, an intolerably high number of largely preventable child deaths. Underfive mortality rate probability of dying by age 5 per live births adult mortality rate probability of dying between 15 and 60 years of age per population table 2. Social determinants of underfive mortality in ethiopia. In ethiopia there is no complete registration system to measure disease burden and risk factors accurately.
Ethiopia has achieved remarkable declines in under5 mortality. Trends, causes, and risk factors of mortality among. From 2000, 2005 to 2011 ethiopian demographic and health survey edhs, it was found that the infant mortality rate, the child mortality rate, and the underfive mortality rate shows a decline. Ethiopia is among 15 top under five pneumonia high burden countries 3.
In ethiopia, neonatal mortality rate nmr has reduced from 54 in 1990 to 29 per deaths in 2012 according to the inter. An analysis of the 2011 ethiopia demographic and health survey data solomongebretsadik 1 andemmanuelgabreyohannes 2. Comparison of underfive mortality for 2000, 2005 and 2011. This measure is based on riskstandardized mortality rates or mortalitytoincidence ratios from causes that, in the presence of quality healthcare, should not result in death also known as amenable mortality. In ethiopia, morbidity and mortality due to diarrhea is significantly high.
The centers for disease control and prevention cdc office in ethiopia was established in 2001 and works closely with the ministry of health and other partners to maintain strong programs in training, treatment, counseling and testing, and laboratory capacity building. In ethiopia, the most common cause of death for children under five years of age is newborn death. Statistical analysis on the determinants of under five. Although there has been a remarkable decline in underfive mortality through the decades, it is still highest in socioeconomically disadvantaged countries, including ethiopia. Under five mortality rate death per 1,000 live births 000 deaths per 1,000 live births in the 5 year period before the survey edhs 2016 67 edhs 2011 88 edhs 2005 123 edhs 2000 166 early childhood mortality rates by region see graph 9 early childhood mortality rates according to place of residence see graph 10 source.
The result shows less than 2 years birth interval have higher infant mortality rates than higher birth. For instance, diarrhea contributes to more than one in every ten % child deaths in. Determinants of underfive mortality in gilgel gibe field. Even though, ethiopias childhood mortality rates are still high.
The effect of maternal education on underfive mortality. At this rate, ethiopia has the second highest underfive mortality rate in east africa, next to uganda. This study attempts to identify the determinants of underfive mortality in ethiopia using ethiopia demographic and health survey edhs, 2011 data. Determinants of underfive mortality in high mortality regions of ethiopia. In ethiopia underfive mortality rate is among the highest in the world. The risk of a child dying before reaching 5 years of age is highest in subsaharan african countries. Research article determinants of underfive mortality in. How does the rate of reduction of under five mortality from the dhs results in. Being teenage mother at birth, short birth interval and twin births were identified risk factors for increased underfive mortality in ethiopia. Though the socioeconomic situation of the ethiopian household is improving along with the decrease in underfive child mortality.
Nearly one out of 10 babies born in ethiopia does not survive to celebrate its first birthday. The 20062010 percentage decrease in under 5 mortality in ethiopia is significant and. Under five mortality rate death per 1,000 live births 000 deaths per 1,000 live births in the 5year period before the survey edhs 2016 67 edhs 2011 88 edhs 2005 123 edhs 2000 166 early childhood mortality rates by region see graph 9 early childhood mortality rates according to place of residence see graph 10 source. The goal is for all countries to aim to reduce underfive mortality to at least as low as 25 per live births. Prevalence of pneumonia among under five children in este. In ethiopia, neonatal mortality rate nmr has reduced from 54 in 1990 to 29 per deaths in 2012 according to the interagency group of child mortality estimation 20. National strategy for newborn and child survival in ethiopia, 201516 202920. Gbd 2015 used verbal autopsy surveys, reports, and published. In 2000, as part of the millennium development goals for health, nations pledged to ensure a twothird. Though ethiopia has made impressive progress in reducing child mortality in the past two decades, the reduction of under five mortalities is a major concern for the sustainable development goals. However, the under5 mortality rate in ethiopia is still higher than the under5 mortality rates of several low and middleincome countries lmic. Many countries will miss the underfive mortality target, some by a wide margin 25 figure 1. Concentration curves for services among the poorest q1 and the richest q5. View selected causes of death and population dynamics for ethiopia.
It shows that, despite good achievements, ethiopia still has high underfive mortality rate. Risk factors of morbidity among children under age five in. The objective of the survey is to provide reliable estimates of fertility levels, marriage, sexual activity, fertility preferences, family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutrition. Underfive mortality is an essential indicator of the development of a country. Despite this considerable progress, improving child survival remains a matter of urgent concern. The healthcare access and quality haq index provides a summary measure of healthcare access and quality for a given location. In ethiopia, large scale health care efforts had been done to promote infant health and survival. Regardless of the noticeable improvement in the reduction of underfive death in ethiopia, childhood. Proximate determinants of underfive mortality in ethiopia. Under five mortality is a leading indicator of child health and overall development of a.